{"id":9104,"date":"2026-04-29T20:51:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T20:51:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/?page_id=9104"},"modified":"2026-05-07T06:07:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T06:07:20","slug":"2-4ghz-lorawan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/2-4ghz-lorawan\/","title":{"rendered":"2,4 GHz MikroTik wAP LR2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 66px;\" width=\"356\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left; min-width: 100px;\" width=\"10%\"><strong>TTN version:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">TTNv3 \/ TTS SANDBOX<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left; min-width: 100px;\" width=\"10%\"><strong>Activation:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>ABP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left; min-width: 100px;\" width=\"10%\"><strong>Device Class:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Class A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left; min-width: 100px;\" width=\"10%\"><strong>Last revision:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>April 30, 2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>This tutorial demonstrates how to build a complete <strong>LoRaWAN 2.4 GHz<\/strong> communication chain consisting of an end node (LilyGO T3 S3) and a gateway (MikroTik wAP LR2), and how to integrate it with <strong>The Things Stack Sandbox (TTSS)<\/strong>. Unlike standard sub-GHz LoRaWAN, the 2.4 GHz band is globally available without duty cycle restrictions, allowing the same hardware to be deployed worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>The end node uses the <strong>Semtech SX1280<\/strong> transceiver controlled by an <strong>ESP32-S3<\/strong> microcontroller, reads temperature and humidity from a DHT11 sensor, and transmits the values as LoRaWAN uplinks every 15 seconds. Because no public Arduino library supporting the LoRaWAN protocol on the SX1280 transceiver existed at the time of development, a custom LoRaWAN 1.0.2 stack (frame assembly, AES-128 payload encryption, MIC computation) was implemented as part of this project.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsindustries.com\/docs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9160 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/lilygo-t3-s3-lora-2-4ghz-esp32-s3-sx1280-with-pa-0-96-inch-oled-display-1500x1500-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"418\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/lilygo-t3-s3-lora-2-4ghz-esp32-s3-sx1280-with-pa-0-96-inch-oled-display-1500x1500-1.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/lilygo-t3-s3-lora-2-4ghz-esp32-s3-sx1280-with-pa-0-96-inch-oled-display-1500x1500-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/lilygo-t3-s3-lora-2-4ghz-esp32-s3-sx1280-with-pa-0-96-inch-oled-display-1500x1500-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/lilygo-t3-s3-lora-2-4ghz-esp32-s3-sx1280-with-pa-0-96-inch-oled-display-1500x1500-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/lilygo-t3-s3-lora-2-4ghz-esp32-s3-sx1280-with-pa-0-96-inch-oled-display-1500x1500-1-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #189bd6;\"><strong>Prepare<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>LilyGO T3 S3 development board (ESP32-S3 + SX1280 with PA, 0.96&#8243; OLED)<\/li>\n<li>2.4 GHz antenna (SMA \/ u.FL)<\/li>\n<li>MikroTik wAP LR2 gateway (model RBwAPR-2nD&amp;R11e-LR2)<\/li>\n<li>DHT11 temperature &amp; humidity sensor<\/li>\n<li>3x jumper wires (sensor connection)<\/li>\n<li>breadboard (optional)<\/li>\n<li>PC + USB-C cable<\/li>\n<li>Power supply for the gateway<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Assembly<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Connect the DHT11 sensor to the LilyGO T3 S3 as shown below. The SX1280 transceiver and OLED display are already wired on the development board itself.<\/p>\n<table style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>DHT11 Pin<\/th>\n<th>LilyGO T3 S3 Pin<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VCC<\/td>\n<td>3V3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DATA<\/td>\n<td>GPIO 15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GND<\/td>\n<td>GND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9171 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/T3S3-pin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"608\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/T3S3-pin.jpg 2362w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/T3S3-pin-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/T3S3-pin-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/T3S3-pin-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/T3S3-pin-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/T3S3-pin-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Attach the 2.4 GHz antenna to the SMA \/ u.FL connector on the LilyGO T3 S3 board <strong>before powering it on<\/strong>. Operating the SX1280 transceiver without an antenna may damage the power amplifier.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Gateway setup (MikroTik wAP LR2)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsindustries.com\/docs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9158 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gw_foto-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"679\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gw_foto-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gw_foto-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gw_foto-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gw_foto-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gw_foto-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gw_foto-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 679px) 100vw, 679px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The MikroTik wAP LR2 is a commercial outdoor LoRaWAN gateway running RouterOS, equipped with a miniPCIe R11e-LR2 LoRa card based on the SX1280 chip. Configuration is performed via <strong>WinBox<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Download <a href=\"https:\/\/mikrotik.com\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>WinBox<\/strong><\/a> from the MikroTik website.<\/li>\n<li>Power the gateway and connect it to your local network.<\/li>\n<li>Open WinBox and connect to the gateway (default IP <strong>192.168.88.1<\/strong>, user <strong>admin<\/strong>, no password).<\/li>\n<li>Navigate to the <strong>LoRa<\/strong> menu in the left sidebar.<\/li>\n<li>Open the <strong>Servers<\/strong> tab and add a new server pointing to TTSS:\n<ul>\n<li>Name: <strong>TTN V3 (eu1)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Address: <strong>eu1.cloud.thethings.network<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>UP Port: <strong>1700<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>DOWN Port: <strong>1700<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Open the <strong>Devices<\/strong> tab and edit the existing gateway entry:\n<ul>\n<li>Name: <strong>gateway-0<\/strong> (or any identifier)<\/li>\n<li>Network Servers: <strong>TTN V3 (eu1)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Channel plan: <strong>Custom<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Network: <strong>Private<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Forward: enable <strong>CRC validation<\/strong> and <strong>DevAddr validation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Open the <strong>Channels<\/strong> tab and configure two LoRa channels:\n<ul>\n<li>Channel 0: Freq <strong>2403 MHz<\/strong>, Bandwidth <strong>800 kHz<\/strong>, Spread Factor <strong>SF12<\/strong> (default LoRaWAN 2.4 GHz channel)<\/li>\n<li>Channel 1: Freq <strong>2479 MHz<\/strong>, Bandwidth <strong>800 kHz<\/strong>, Spread Factor <strong>SF7<\/strong> (used by the end node in this tutorial)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Make sure both channels are <strong>Enabled<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Note down the <strong>Gateway ID<\/strong> shown on the device entry \u2014 you will need it when registering the gateway in TTSS.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The frequency 2479 MHz was chosen above the standard Wi-Fi channels 1\u201313 (2412\u20132472 MHz) to minimize interference. This frequency also matches one of the three default channels defined by the LoRaWAN 2.4 GHz specification.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsindustries.com\/docs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9155 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/winbox_device.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/winbox_device.png 592w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/winbox_device-284x300.png 284w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsindustries.com\/docs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9156 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/winbox_channels.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"581\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/winbox_channels.png 853w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/winbox_channels-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/winbox_channels-768x545.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Arduino IDE setup<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Download <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/en\/software\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Arduino IDE<\/strong><\/a> (version 2.x recommended).<\/li>\n<li>Run Arduino IDE.<\/li>\n<li>In the Arduino IDE go to <strong>File -&gt; Preferences<\/strong> and copy the link below into the <strong>Additional Boards Manager URLs<\/strong>:<br \/>\n<code>https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/espressif\/arduino-esp32\/gh-pages\/package_esp32_index.json<\/code><\/li>\n<li>Click OK.<\/li>\n<li>Install the ESP32 boards via <strong>Tools -&gt; Board -&gt; Boards Manager -&gt;<\/strong> search <strong>esp32<\/strong> by Espressif Systems <strong>-&gt; Install<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Select <strong>Tools -&gt; Board -&gt; ESP32 Arduino -&gt; ESP32S3 Dev Module<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Set the following options under <strong>Tools<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>CPU Frequency: <strong>240 MHz<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>USB CDC On Boot: <strong>Enabled<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Upload Mode: <strong>USB-OTG CDC (TinyUSB)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Install the required libraries via <strong>Tools -&gt; Manage Libraries<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Adafruit GFX Library<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Adafruit SSD1306<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DHT sensor library<\/strong> by Adafruit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Connect the LilyGO T3 S3 using a USB-C cable to your computer.<\/li>\n<li>Choose the appropriate COM port under <strong>Tools -&gt; Port<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Activation<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Activation By Personalization (ABP)<\/strong> requires hardcoding the device address as well as the security keys (NwkSKey, AppSKey) in the device. ABP is <strong>less secure<\/strong> than OTAA, but is used in this tutorial because the custom 2.4 GHz LoRaWAN stack does not implement the OTAA join procedure.<\/p>\n<p>See the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsnetwork.org\/docs\/lorawan\/end-device-activation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>documentation<\/strong><\/a> for more information on activation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #189bd6;\"><strong>Activation By Personalization (ABP)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Custom LoRaWAN 2.4 GHz library setup<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Download the source code from the project&#8217;s GitHub repository: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/diamondminer857\/LoRaWAN-2G4-Node\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>LoRaWAN-2G4-Node<\/strong><\/a> (clone or download as ZIP).<\/li>\n<li>Place the entire <strong>LoRaWAN-2G4-Node<\/strong> folder into your Arduino sketchbook directory (typically <strong>Documents\/Arduino\/<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li>Open the <strong>LoRaWAN-SX1280.ino<\/strong> sketch in Arduino IDE. The supporting source files (sx1280.cpp, sx1280-hal.cpp, config.cpp, radio.h, etc.) will load automatically as additional tabs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The custom stack is based on the <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/MultiTechSystems\/Sx1280-LoRaWAN-Test-App\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sx1280-LoRaWAN-Test-App<\/a> by MultiTech Systems, which was originally written for Mbed OS and has been ported to Arduino\/ESP32, extended with a complete LoRaWAN 1.0.2 frame assembly (AES-128 CTR payload encryption, AES-CMAC MIC computation), DHT11 sensor support, and OLED display feedback.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Add the gateway and end node into The Things Stack<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsnetwork.org\/login?next=\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Create an account<\/strong><\/a> on The Things Network if you don&#8217;t have one.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsindustries.com\/docs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9157 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/node-settings.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"805\" height=\"743\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/node-settings.png 1314w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/node-settings-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/node-settings-1024x945.png 1024w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/node-settings-768x708.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Login<\/strong> on <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsnetwork.org\/login?next=\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Things Network<\/a><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Click on your username and choose <strong>Console<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Select the <strong>Europe 1 (eu1)<\/strong> cluster.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h6><strong>Add gateway<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ol>\n<li>Go to <strong>Gateways<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Click on <strong>+ Register gateway<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Gateway EUI: enter the <strong>Gateway ID<\/strong> from your MikroTik device (16 hex characters).<\/li>\n<li>Frequency plan: <strong>2.4 GHz with 3 channels (Draft 2)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Click on <strong>Register gateway<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>After a few seconds the gateway status should change to <strong>Connected<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h6><strong>Add application<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ol>\n<li>Go to <strong>Applications<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Click on button <strong>+ Add application<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Write something into <strong>Application ID<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Click on button <strong>Create application<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h6><strong>Add end device<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ol>\n<li>In your application click on button <strong>+ Register end device<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Input Method \u2013 choose <strong>Enter end device specifics manually<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Frequency plan: <strong>LoRa 2.4 GHz with 3 channels (Draft 2)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>LoRaWAN version: <strong>LoRaWAN Specification 1.0.2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Regional Parameters version: <strong>RP001 Regional Parameters 1.0.2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Click on <strong>Show advanced activation, LoRaWAN class and cluster settings<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Activation mode: <strong>Activation by personalization (ABP)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Additional LoRaWAN class capabilities: <strong>None (class A only)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Device address: <strong>Generate<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>AppSKey: <strong>Generate<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>NwkSKey: <strong>Generate<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>End device ID: name your device.<\/li>\n<li>Resets frame counters: <strong>Enabled<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Click on button <strong>Register end device<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Sending sensor data to TTS<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>In <strong>TTS -&gt; Applications -&gt; YourAppName -&gt; YourEndDeviceName -&gt; Payload formatters -&gt; Uplink<\/strong> change <strong>Formatter type<\/strong> to <strong>Custom Javascript formatter<\/strong> and copy the code below into <strong>Formatter code<\/strong>:\n<pre>function decodeUplink(input) {\r\n    var bytes = input.bytes;\r\n    var data = {};\r\n\r\n    if (bytes.length &lt; 4) {\r\n        return { errors: [\"Invalid payload length\"] };\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    var tempInt = (bytes[0] &lt;&lt; 8) | bytes[1];\r\n    if (tempInt &amp; 0x8000) {\r\n        tempInt -= 0x10000;\r\n    }\r\n    data.temperature = tempInt \/ 100.0;\r\n\r\n    var humInt = (bytes[2] &lt;&lt; 8) | bytes[3];\r\n    data.humidity = humInt \/ 100.0;\r\n\r\n    return { data: data, warnings: [], errors: [] };\r\n}<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Click <strong>Save changes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Open the <strong>LoRaWAN-2G4-Node.ino<\/strong> sketch in Arduino IDE.<\/li>\n<li>Locate the <strong>LoRaWAN ABP KEYS<\/strong> section in the code and replace the placeholder zeros with the keys generated in TTS.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DEVADDR<\/strong> must be in <strong>LSB order<\/strong> \u2014 if TTS shows &#8222;26 0B F6 8B&#8220;, write it as <code>{ 0x8B, 0xF6, 0x0B, 0x26 }<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NWK_S_KEY<\/strong> and <strong>APP_S_KEY<\/strong> are in <strong>MSB order<\/strong> \u2014 copy them directly as displayed in the TTS console.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Connect the LilyGO T3 S3 using the USB-C cable to your computer.<\/li>\n<li>Choose the appropriate COM port under <strong>Tools -&gt; Port<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>In Arduino IDE click on <strong>Upload<\/strong> button to upload the program to your LilyGO T3 S3.<\/li>\n<li>In Arduino IDE click on <strong>Serial Monitor<\/strong> button. Every <strong>15 seconds<\/strong> you should see a status log with the temperature, humidity and the assembled LoRaWAN PHYPayload as a hex dump.<\/li>\n<li>The OLED display on the board shows the current temperature and humidity, and a <strong>TX<\/strong> indicator while transmitting.<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>TTS -&gt; Applications -&gt; YourAppName -&gt; YourEndDeviceName -&gt; Live data<\/strong> you should see the decoded uplinks with temperature and humidity values:\n<pre>{\r\n  \"temperature\": 23.5,\r\n  \"humidity\": 41.0\r\n}<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Field test results<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The communication chain was tested in two scenarios:<\/p>\n<table style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Scenario<\/th>\n<th>Distance<\/th>\n<th>Avg. RSSI<\/th>\n<th>Avg. SNR<\/th>\n<th>PDR<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Line of sight (gateway on Cvil\u00edn lookout tower)<\/td>\n<td><strong>25 km<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u221293 dBm<\/td>\n<td>8 dB<\/td>\n<td>96.7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Line of sight<\/td>\n<td>19.9 km<\/td>\n<td>\u221291 dBm<\/td>\n<td>8 dB<\/td>\n<td>93.3 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Line of sight<\/td>\n<td>10.35 km<\/td>\n<td>\u221289 dBm<\/td>\n<td>11 dB<\/td>\n<td>96.7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urban (gateway on 5th-floor balcony)<\/td>\n<td>1.66 km<\/td>\n<td>\u2212102 dBm<\/td>\n<td>2 dB<\/td>\n<td>83.3 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urban<\/td>\n<td>1.12 km<\/td>\n<td>\u221289 dBm<\/td>\n<td>7 dB<\/td>\n<td>93.3 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urban<\/td>\n<td>670 m<\/td>\n<td>\u221280 dBm<\/td>\n<td>4 dB<\/td>\n<td>96.7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The 25 km result confirms that LoRaWAN at 2.4 GHz remains practically usable over distances of tens of kilometers, provided that direct line of sight between the end node and the gateway is maintained.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9165 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Snimek-obrazovky-2026-05-01-182744.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Snimek-obrazovky-2026-05-01-182744.png 594w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Snimek-obrazovky-2026-05-01-182744-232x300.png 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9161 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/mapa_mesto.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"704\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/mapa_mesto.png 1206w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/mapa_mesto-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/mapa_mesto-1024x747.png 1024w, https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/mapa_mesto-768x560.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">References<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Source code: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/diamondminer857\/LoRaWAN-2G4-Node\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/github.com\/diamondminer857\/LoRaWAN-2G4-Node<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Original Mbed OS application: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/MultiTechSystems\/Sx1280-LoRaWAN-Test-App\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sx1280-LoRaWAN-Test-App<\/a> by MultiTech Systems<\/li>\n<li>Semtech SX1280 datasheet: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semtech.com\/products\/wireless-rf\/lora-connect\/sx1280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">semtech.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>LilyGO T3 S3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tinytronics.nl\/en\/development-boards\/microcontroller-boards\/with-lora\/lilygo-t3-s3-lora-2.4ghz-esp32-s3-sx1280-with-pa-0.96-inch-oled-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TinyTronics product page<\/a><\/li>\n<li>MikroTik wAP LR2: <a href=\"https:\/\/mikrotik.com\/product\/wap_lr2_kit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mikrotik.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The Things Stack documentation: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsindustries.com\/docs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thethingsindustries.com\/docs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; TTN version: TTNv3 \/ TTS SANDBOX Activation: ABP Device Class: Class A Last revision: April 30, 2026 This tutorial demonstrates how to build a complete LoRaWAN 2.4 GHz communication chain consisting of an end node (LilyGO T3 S3) and a gateway (MikroTik wAP LR2), and how to integrate it with The Things Stack Sandbox [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9104","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9104"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9183,"href":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9104\/revisions\/9183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lora.vsb.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}